We hereby certify that this material. Which we now submit for our thesis is entirely our own work, that we have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original and does not to the best of our knowledge breach any law of copyright and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has Been cited and acknowledgement within the text of our work.

CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the work contained in this thesis entitled “IMPACT OF WESTERN VALUES ON YOUTH “A case study of University of Sargodha by Muzammil Ijaz , Hamza Zahid , Danial Sajjad , Muhammad Khan , Syeda Wafa Zainab , Rai Jawad , Zain Raza Khan , Faran Azeem , Noman Aslam, Muhammad Abu Bakar has been carried out under my Supervision and is approved for submission in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BS in Social Work

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praises are due to Almighty ALLAH alone, the most merciful and the most compassionate and the Holy Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) the most perfect and exalted among and of the ever born on the surface of earth, which is, for ever a torch of guidance and knowledge of the humanity.

We are highly indebted to our supervisor Dr. Sadia Rafi for her personal interest, inspiring guidance and enlightened supervision throughout the course of this research endeavor. Besides, her gentle and tender disposition always provided us a source of encouragement during our research efforts.

We feel our proud privilege to mention, the feeling of obligation toward our affectionate parents at encourage and inspired for higher education and supported us financially and morally throughout our studies.

No acknowledgement could ever adequately express my obligations to our great parents us father and mother, the most loving parents for us in the entire world, who always encouraged us in all matters. We would like to express a lot of thanks to family who always give us financial support. Without their sacrifices I would not be able to complete my studies.

ABSTRACT

The research carried out to study the impact of western culture on young generation in society that is undergoing a massive culture change. Westernization has been spreaded throughout culture, it may be media or any other related factor. Western culture indulged in youth so deeply that they almost forget their culture, values, customs, and traditions. The changes in life style and behavior are moving the youth far from their local culture. The purpose of the present study was to study the impact of western culture on youth in University of Sargodha. The main objective of the study was to identify the factors which entice youth to adopt western culture in their life style and dress pattern. The students of University of Sargodha were the universe of the research and through multi random sampling the research data was collected. The total numbers of respondents were one twenty which were selected through convenient sampling. The study consists of close ended questionnaire. Statistical methods through SPSS were applied to mention simple tables. Eventually, it can be concluded that, this research has found the many of significant issues that is western culture is not a curse to our society but the results shown it can bring a lot of negative effects. It can be revealed that; the indigenous culture has been lost mostly among young generation from this discussion. Most of the members of young generation still have positive view about our traditional culture. This study recommended for further modification as it’s a phrase valid and that research a never-ending process.

INTRODUCTION

Today the most debated topic about human values is western values including freedom democracy; capitalism which is ought to be followed by all the people around the world. People who support western values give evidence that in western societies followed by above core values. People have already gained enormous economic and social progress. The opponents give evidence that in most non-western societies such characteristics didn’t help in achieving prosperity. In addition, in most of the people in these countries free market value didn’t build prevailing psychological satisfaction instance it was noticed that competition and successes values shared do not exit together along with many other non-western traditional values (Clark, et.al.2020).

On the other hand, some specialists drop a lint that the values differences among people of different culture are enlarge beyond (Hermans and Kempen,2021), yet other’s sayings one different.’ Deep value gap’among cultures was stressed out by conspicuous political scientist (Samuel Huntington2020). In huntington’s view in both western and non-western countries growth ideiological and religious fundamentals should apart the people of many countries from their present position, more over writers suggest that bulk people would rather challenge the leadership role of the west and material success.

Current world is emerging as a global village in which people focus on the tangible benefits (such as money goods and comfort) that take them away from their culture and strong value system (Cohon,2021).Roles within families and expectations attached to these roles vary socially and culturally with the passage of time. Traditionally ,western cultures have imposed gendered expectations on the roles played out in the family domain, with caring and domestic tasks assigned to the mother, wife and daughter roles. In contrast, men are commonly assigned the public role of breadwinner/financial support(Mc Donald,2020).The impact of western notions of freedom ,democratic ideology and individualism means that young women may resist traditional marriage arrangements .Thus over all traditional family systems with kinship ties are badly effected in the modern era(Bell and Ditton,1980).

They people are materialistic, they become more status conscious, wealth-oriented and focused on tangible things achieve physical comforts and ignore all the cultural, moral and spiritual values. So economic growth, urbanization ,industrialization, improvement in education and increased opportunities for people in the current era have changed the value system dramatically (Wise,2003).Pakistani culture is a very different and strongly influenced by many civilizations

.In the current era ,Indian culture is very popular in Pakistan and has a significant effect on the value system of Pakistani society due to media communication .Globalization necessarily affects the increasing western influence in Pakistan through the establishment of many westerm food chains and the growing influence capitalism (Khan,et al.2003).

The relationship between values and culture con not be ignored especially in the third world countries. The development of culture endows with compelling value system and an improved humanitarian environment is the starting point for people who possess the proper understanding of traditional value system (Yaun,2019). The change in value system is due to changes in cultural patterns and increased materialism in the society. The relationship between globalization and its effects on culture and traditional values is vice versa. The main goal is to describe the process of changing the concept of cultural differences between certain groups in society as a result of globalization. On the other hand, globalization draws strength from cultural differences to its size and power of increasing the dissemination (Tomlinson ,1999)

There is a straight forward relationship between cultural identity and social concept such as religion, family and gender and it provides the global significance of local knowledge and the sense of self, community and nation. These are the basic traditional values that are lost with the increasing trends of globalization. These values are the major determinant of giving national identity development for the people (Rummens ,2020).

The influence of globalization on cultural identity is one of the immense and multi-dimensional concerns of the present era because modernization and globalization brought fundamental transitions in the origins of traditional values that are related to family, community, physical geography and global media (Scholte, 2018).Modernity and globalization decreases social solidarity and encourages individualism .Globalization brings changes in collective sentiments, which are held by any society and leads towards British journal of Arts and social sciences. The major consequences of globalization are simple communication and reduction of the

proximity of same cultural patterns that exist in the world. These aspects of globalization are homogenized cultural patterns, business improvement, easy communication and technological development. On the other hand, globalization also has many aspects such as loss of identity, centralized operations, rise of sub- cultures and loss of traditional value system (Shobha, 2019) .

Modernization is another tool for augmenting the value change process in every society. In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, this modern term is associated with people who are well equipped with education and health. Thus, liberalism and materialism is the result of modernization and plays an imperative role in weakening the traditional value system in society (Mc Donald, 2020). Modernization directly attacks the value system, because it is based on western ideology. The main goal of modernization is to replace religious fundamental ideas and traditional ties with modern ideology (Cohon, 2021). There is no reservation for modernization, education and knowledge, unless it is a sort of westernization, which hampers our values, ethics, morals and social fibers. Whether it is the matter of eating habits, clothing styles, media presentation, communication and housing styles , people are far form their traditional value systems (Livingstone and Helpser, 2004). Changing value system of liberalism and increases in blurring the boundaries between education , entertainment and advertising , are increasingly the construction of identities and relationships in terms of what is used and consumed in specific cultural context (Khan , et al. 2021 ). These change agents spread the freedom of speech and expression. They have a greater influence on changing the value system of the society. To devalue the self-pride of their social, cultural and religious heritage, they are fascinating ideas of seduction and consumerism as liberal value system (Myers, 2020)

Media is one of the strongest determinants that can change the attitudes, behaviors and life styles of the people. Youth is awful victim of media. Despite the fact that media is promoting enlightening knowledge, information and communication skills to the youth but at the same time it is destroying their value system as well (Bartsch and London, 2018) People who are getting away from their values are still far away from traditional relationship. (Sims 2002) Culture shapes parental perceptions of that represents desirable behavior in their children. But this cultural integration is now replaced by the modernized and westernized value system (Youniss,

2019) With globalization and westernization of their culture, now-a-days has easy access to things like adult movies ,pornographic material , sex toys and other sexual content from all

around the world especially in young group of people . Population has been corrupted by easy access which has been brought about by westernization. In fact, this has gone to such limits that now pornographic material is even made in 3rd world countries also. These perverted habits have raised a population who sometimes are so full of hunger for that they choice to rape. It is a fact that rape cases have risen since the spread of globalization.

So that , western dress is another factor that creates an imbalance in society especially for women group ( when girls wear a shirt , t – shirt , and pant in society , due to feel or sensation of comfortable) which does not permit within their culture as majority of Muslims nationality .For wearing that kind of dresses young men are mostly thinking in negative sense .

This question is frequently asked by the people , as this thing is increasing day by day . There could be much reason like it may be due to deviancy from their religion , as a culture of any nation reflects its religion . They have left following their religion and have forgotten the differences between right and wrong and hence fell prey to other cultures . The other reason is the media . The media of today is exploiting the personalities of new generation . A dilemma mostly youngsters are facing today . Each country has its own mother language and they are not just a way of communication but also a part of their culture . Most of the people are not proud to speak their own language now and this is mostly seen in the middle and upper class .Mostly Pakistanis are moving away from their mother language and adopting English . ( Abeer Pervaiz, 2019 ) .

By adopting English they are not just adopting their language but also their culture , values , customs and traditions and in the process are forgetting they own culture . This confusion started when the British came to rule our land and since then people have been trying to copy their language and have associated it with prestige and class . This problem has been further aggravated by the excessive exposure and the media influence . Even education is now focusing too much on English at all level . It is true that English is an international language and it is used worldwide; everybody should know it in order to excel abroad . Hence they need to find a balance between our choice of language between one that represents their culture and the other that will take us to international markets (Amarah , 2021 ) .

Weatern culture currently dominates in many western and Central European nations and several nations settled by Europeans and their descendants . Western culture also significantly exists in many Asian nations ,such as Japan , South Korea , Taiwan and Singapore , and it is increasingly influential in India and China .It has only a modest presence in most of the rest of Asia as well as Latin America and Eastern Europe .In much of both Africa and the Middle East, Western culture . (Harper, 2021).

The previous findings have reported result on the western culture effects on youth generation in their society . However , according to above mentioned circumstances , the present study takes the initiative to conduct an empirical investigation based on the impact of western culture on young generation includes their thought according their status . These findings from this study will work as valuable guidelines to give respect their own culture and to be a wholesome member of young generation (Rahman, 2019).

Rationale of the study

The present research aims at the evaluating the determinants and implications of value changes in Pakistan due to western value system. It can be claimed that religious fundamental ideas and traditional ties are replacing with modern values. These ideologies spread the concept of freedom of speech and freedom of expression and thus they have a greater influence on changing the value system of the society. The relationship between change in values as a result of these factors and their impacts on socio-cultural differences in all societies remain the interest of the social researchers. Extensive evidence is found in the developed world, but little work has been done in developing societies like Pakistan. This research focuses on establishing an association between changes in values due to above stated multiple factors and their impacts on activities of the recipients of social change.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Gale and Fahay ( 2005) concluded a study focusing on how the young generation is changing through time and generation .The change is being taken place over various generations basically in south and east Asian countries .They studied on various group of young peoples in these countries .They have focused on various issues regarding aspects of young generation mainly such as culture, habit , behavior , norms , values ,thinking ,psychology etc . They tried to find out the change of their culture through the impact of various external and internal culture . It must be clear that culture can be defined as a complete way of life of ,people , the share attitudes , values

, goals and practices that characterized group ,their customs , Art , language and religion etc the pattern of learned and shared behavior among the members of the group.

Education

Gangrade (2019) concluded that the differences in the attitudes of generations are in many areas in terms of educational and carrier aspirations , familial attitudes , authority , patterns and national goals .The area of intergenerational conflict is very subtle and complex , as the areas tend to merge .No single generation is progressive , conservative or regressive .There are areas where they converge and diverge . the intergenerational conflict is an ongoing process of social change . The researcher also concluded that the values of parents and adult community in general may become more liberal and the conflict between the two generations may be reduced . The major conflict and gap between children is that the parents live with their traditional value system .The parents and children have common interest , shared sentiments , feelings of allegiance to one another . But sometimes the affection is affected and due to value change materialism dominated on relations . The issues can affect the family structure specially when the moral issues like freedom and equality are greatly addressed .

Family structure

Bengtson (2019) reasoned that gang amalgamation revolves around specific qualities Also these values incorporate collectivism , collaboration , hospitability , respecting elders and religious joining . Anyhow these values would evolving with the entry from claiming duration of the time

. Those fundamental agenize that is answerable for evolving these conventional qualities of the up to date ideologies is realism , more will this individualistic approach is Additionally evolving those of age values .

Wakil (1981) concluded that about 75% world’s population have access to the daily TV . Most of the TV screen are dominated by American movies , music and lifestyles. Children no longer sit in the evening by their parents and grandparents to share their ideas . On the other hand the discussions and stories that promote the values of respect , integrity , peace , love and unity are also eliminated . Therefore the children have inadequate knowledge about the importance of value system for their future life. Thus they are ignorant of their traditional value system that becomes the base of their spiritual output .

Troll (2020) argued that parents feel loneliness due to breakup of communication with their children. The care giving value and elders respect diminishes with the passage of time . Now the children prefer to place their parents in the nursing homes. Although there is evidence that they relation of parents and children are valuable to both of them but when the children reach adolescence then the change their certain traditional values that causes a gap between both parents and children . As a result of this family integration becomes weak. The researcher thus argued that traditional values are the major determinant of strong family integration.

Wellman (2018) concluded that the children can provide the substantial support to their parents at their old age. But due to many change agents the children are forgetting their traditional value system. Children are becoming more materialistic and their companionship with their parents becomes less. This is the major outcome of youth integration with modernized value system. Tere are more ties between siblings than between parents and children and they provide the substantial support.Sometimes they become least supportive and this is the cause for most of the misunderstandings between parents and children. If the kinship network is truly strong then this can reduce the generation gap between parents and children.

Myer(2020) identified that in the modern era the family trends are changing. Nuclear family system is becoming a norm in society and the concept of joint family system is becoming obsolete.On the other hand the value of collectivism is replaced by individualism. The people are becoming self centered and they focus on self fulfillment. Young children are taught to be self –

sufficient , while adolescents move away from the family home and set up their own living arrangements. Elderly parents move in to retirement homes or hostels apart from their adult children.Thus the researcher argued that overall the family trends are changing in the society and the traditional values are replaced by the modern lifestyles.

Western Values

Yuan (2019) concluded that traditional values represents the significance of things , concepts, ideas, opinions , and beliefs by explaining the meanings of these concept in the particular cultural context. Every society has its own culture and the concept of values shared by the people

. The relationship between the concept of value and culture shows that the construction of the term value should be based on culture. Rummens (2020)argued that basic traditional values are losing their intensity with the increasing trends of globalization. These values are the major determinant of giving national identity development for the people. Instead of blaming cultural homogenization , the author argues that globalization of American food chains like KFC in Asia has led to promotion and export of local food around the world. The author argues that the major function of globalization is restructuring the world and introduces one culture throughout the globe.

Language

A dilemma mostly young generation is facing today. Most youngsters are moving away from their mother language and adopting English. By adopting English they not just adopting their language but also their culture , values , customs and traditions and in the process are forgetting their own culture. Hence they need to find a balance between their choice of language between one that represents their culture and the other that will take us to international markets.(Amara ,2019)

Religious activities

Westernization has intruded so deeply in to their culture that the Islamic values and “Adaabs” have faded away. The obligation of a Muslim have long been forgotten.No longer do people respond to the call for prayers , no longer do they keep fast in Ramzan , in fact , they eat or

smoke openly.Alcohol , prostitution , drugs are becoming regular and despite their openness , no actions are being taken to eliminate them from their society Khan sofia (2018).

These days western influence can be seen all around , but most specifically it can be seen in the way Pakistanis have started dressing up. Whatever fashion becomes popular abroad , it is being adopted by people here ,without thinking that it is not meant by their body type or cultural values.Also the Pakistani fashion industry is so inspired by the foreign styles that they don’t even hesitate before introducing revealing clothes in their collection.Zara (2014).

Eid in pakistan is slowly and steadily losing its charm and importance in the youngsters Muslims. When they are children and young , especially for the children aging from 18yrs onwards , they have become bored of eid and are less interested in its preparations.Nowadays with the changing trends in fashion and lifestyle, youngsters have become too much influenced by media and their surroundings that their interests have diverted elsewhere.For example , they are more enthusiastic about Holi , Diwali , Christmas , Halloween , and New Year. All these celebrations are not included in our culture but yet they find them more amusing and enjoyable . Also if these non-Islamic celebrations keep on proceeding , our own cultural identity will be lost soon.Maheen Amjad (2019)

Freedom and dress patterns

People likes english movies , dramas and even ads and they learn a lot of things from the foreign media. Culture is a backbone of any society; it is the identification of a nation.Satellite transmission is putting a great influence on Pakistani society, but after the cable transmission the power of influence is increasing. Pakistan is a Muslim country and Pakistani culture is the unique pattern of belief , ideas, values highly influenced by the religion of Islam. Islam in Pakistan sets the code of ethics in the cultural life for the people of Pakistan. But people gained western and Indian culture due to acculturations modernization and westernization.Pakistan has an impact of Indian dressing culture as well .Now , people like to wearjeans Shirt,t shirt ,shorts, tops , , sleeveless dress , short shirts and less use of chadar (veil) etc.Batool , (2009).In Pakistan , our drama industry made a sudden impact on minds of peoples.Pakistani drama channels such as Indus Vision , ARY digital , Hum TV and Geo entertainment , etc.,Are highly influenced by Indian and western channels and trying to complete with these channels to serve as the translator

for our society. They are losing its cultural identity by showing off, glamour , romance , etc.The Indian dramas &films have frequent and intensive negative impact on our social, cultural , religious beliefs and values of Pakistani youth.They all are accepting it.The effects are clearly visible on lifestyles , food, dressing , language, traditional celebrations and religion.When we look around us , find fashion everywhere, girls or boys wearing fashionable clothes, sitting together, full makeup, stylish haircuts etc.Teenagers are fond of burgers , coke and hotling thus

;they can say that the media is now introducing new trends, behaviors, attitudes and standard for a modern life which greatly affected the society.

Few studies have explored the relationship between acculturation and health in non – immigrant populations.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between “Westernization” and tobacco use among adolescents living in Delhi, India.A bi-dimensional model of acculturation was adapted for use in this study to examine (a)whether young people’s identification with Western culture in this setting is related to tobacco use , and (b)whether their maintenance of more traditional Indian ways of living is related to tobacco use.Multiple types of tobacco commonly used in India(e.g, cigarettes, bides, chewing tobacco) were considered. Socioeconomic status (SES) gender, and grade level were examined as potential effect modifiers of the relationship between “Westernization” and tobacco use.

Globalization

The relationship between youth and globalization is inherently ambiguous In fact , the single word “globalization” and all its represents perhaps best sums up the uncertainty of what it means to be a young person at the beginning of the twenty-first century.Many sociologists specializing in youth affairs have portrayed young people as being at the forefront of social and even economic change.Being at the forefront does not mean that they are in any position to control that change; nor should it be assumed that youth are necessarily controlled by it.As another Giddens suggests, “Globalization can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice .”In this context , the increasing economic and cultural interdependence of societies on a world scale is of particular interest.Because it involves interaction in so many areas and at numerous levels , it is virtually impossible to conceive of globalization as a singular concept.

Lamare(2009) elaborated in article about cultural globalization and also find out the way of globalization of culture of western countries specially USA which is affecting the Asian and African countries heavily.According to author focused on changing pattern of cultures and adopting the western culture in various Asian countries and mainly pointed out the positive roles of western culture among Asian and south Asian countries and their societies.According to this article, while it can be true , to some extent , that the American economic and cultural attraction has won over the hearts and minds of the majorities of the young people of the western world, it cannot be said with the same certainly that it is the case in the other parts of the world.

Communication Styles

Culture means the values, traditions , norms , customs , arts, history, folklore, and institutions that a group of people , who are unified by race , ethnicity, language, nationality, or religion, share. Language is termed as the identity Pakistan follows a Muslim culture. The national language of Pakistan is “Urdu” but the of any nation. Language that is mostly used in offices of Pakistan is “English” adapting English language was the first step when Western culture started influencing our culture.

Many of us now want our children to read , write and speak English more frequently than our native , many slangs and national language “Urdu”. Cliches have also made their place them in our communication styles. Usage of this language in our Email and SMS language is due to the impact of the Western culture. Salia (2021)

Mass media

The media influence young people in today’s society. Society still seems confused about what to think about children and young people .It seems to be gripped with a fear children , blaming them for much of society’s ills;crime , vandalism , drugs , drink, sex , teenage pregnancy. The obvious answer would be from the upbringing of children , but the media also plays a substantial role in the attitudes , behavior and physical aspects of youth today, in particularly that of young women . They are constantly being bombarded with advertising , opinion, images and stories which appear to be forcing us to conform to a specific image of how they are supposed to be , whether it be slim , more intelligent or prettier.

Traditionally services are viewed as domestic activities due to direct contact between producer and consumer and government monopoly in infrastructure sector. The emerging digitization concept has altered this perception.The aspect of information and communication technology has given rise to e-commerce , e-banking , e-learning , e-medicine , and e-governance. So , it is argued that government finds it increasingly difficult to cope up with technology –driven activities. Because of that Now-a-days Education has turned out to be a commodity of international trade. It is no more a public good on domestic scale , but a private good on global scale. S.Deepalakshmi (2014).

Media , in today’s world , have both positive and negative implications . As far as youth is concerned one thing should be kept in mind , that depends upon the youth to reap the positive/negative outcomes from media.Media not only helps the youth to become aware of the current events but also allows them to evaluate the burning issues . A greater percentage of youth related to mass communication and journalism are using media as a platform to display society’s views and feelings . The youth in any part of the world can utilize this platform to communicate their objectives. For examples, in many countries , various non-profit organizations use media to highlight problems of enhancing education system in different parts of the world. However , the boldness of media sometimes creates depressing implications also on the youth. As a whole , theses aspects surpass the unhelpful implications which clearly show that the youth are getting maximum benefits out of media only if they use media as a proper channel to express their views.

There are many advantages and disadvantages of media. They are advantageous in the field of education and keeping up with world events , exposure to different cultural events , broadening of experiences etc. And it’s a positive form of entertainment in moderation too. When they think of the disadvantages , they may say that the media creates , in many youth desensitization to violence , exposure to drug abuse , stress from certain types of media , possibility in increasing the body weight if one spends too much of time in front of T.V. or computer , potential lack of social skills among others.

Thinking Patterns

Youngsters are losing the sense of respect for their elders; children are ashamed of saying Salam to eachothers and to their elders . Instead the new version of Hey , hello , wasp are found to be more cool and funky . Discos , pubs , clubs are the favorite hangout places of the youngsters and the holy places are like graveyard for them as they always feel like staying 100 miles away from them . Miniskirts , shorts are the status symbols , the more you wear them the more modern you are . The food habits of people have also changed those children instead of having food at home survive on Mac burgers , colas , pizzas and all that junk . Late night studies have turned in to late night parties. Drinking , smoking , right from the school days mark the adolescence of the boys . Cell phones. Pods , PCs , bikes and money of course are the daily requirements instead of air , water , and food.

Objectives of the study

To study the factors that affects the youth behavior.

To analyze the impact of western values on life-patterns.
To analyze the challenges of Mass technology on thinking behavior.

Conceptual Framework

All the relevant literature from the similar background of the knowledge suggests following conceptual frame work for this study.

METHODOLOGY

Introduction

The chapter of methodology of a research paper provides us information by which the validity of our work is judged. This section answers the two main questions, firstly, how was the research data collected or generated and the 2nd one how was the data analyzed and the rules and regulations which were followed in that particular research. (Labaree, 2013). Good methodology is crucially important to empirical verification of hypothesis and establish chain for knowledge (Nachmias and Nachmias, 2020). (Bem, Daryl J. 2021) defines the five key points of a good methodology. (1) Because the reader wants to know that how the data used in the research was obtained. (2) because the reader wants to know is the methodology used is consistent with or is accepted practice in the field of study. (3) The research method must be appropriate to the objectives of that study. (4) The method should be discussing the problems that were anticipated (5) the thing which is most important is to always provide sufficient information to allow others to use or replicate the study

The purpose of this chapter is to explain tools and techniques to be employed for conducting the study. The scientific methodology is a system to explicit rules and procedures upon which the whole research is based and against which claims for knowledge evaluated (Nachmias and Nachmias, 2020). There are many approaches, and different study designs are used to investigate different types of questions.

Research design

The descriptive research method was used for this study. To define the descriptive type of research, (Polit & Hungler,1999) found this type of research describes what exist and may help to uncover new facts and meaning. This method describes social realities or provides facts to the researcher about the social world and data on various social facts. The purpose of descriptive research is to observe, describe, and documentation of the aspects of situation as it naturally occurs. It requires a large amount of data that is usually analyzed through using statistical methods. This involves the collection of data that will provide an account or descriptive of 34

individual, groups or situation. Instrument that use to obtain data in descriptive type of research studies include questionnaires, interview and observation.

Universe

The whole from which the sample is chosen is known as population or universe. A statistical universe or population may consist of qualities, attributes or behaviors of inmate’s objects such as, city or city block, house hold, dice or coin, dwelling structure, the day output of factory or opinion of the electorate of entire nation. (Goode and Hatt, 2018). The universe of this research comprised of the male and female students of university of Sargodha.

Sampling

In social research as in the routine life, when we sample we gather data about a few cases and seek to make judgement about a much larger numbers of cases‟. The question about the sample size of the research is often asked that how much it has to be large. The answer depends on numerous aspects such as population size, population characteristics, available resources, time and kind of the data analysis, to select a representative sample size. It is not necessary that a large sample size would be a true representative sample. The sample size of my study was 120 male and female students studying in different department of University of Sargodha.

Sampling Technique and Justification

Multi stage random sampling was used to select the sample from the available list of all students studying in different departments of university of Sargodha. 120 male and female Students were selected through Convenient sampling technique. Justification of using Convenient sampling is that this research was conducted in summer vacation so all students were not available at campus. the data was collected from 120 male and females’ students available at campus in vacations

Tools for data collection

Questionnaire:

A document containing questions and other type of items designed to solicit information appropriate for analysis .. The questionnaire was divided into different sections according to

variables. The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents such as age, gender, income, education and father’s occupation has been included in first section of the questionnaire. The questions structure using the Likert format. In this survey type, five choices such as strongly agree, agree, neither, disagree and strongly disagree, are provided for statement. Respondents were requested to choose the degree of agreement they have on the given statement.

The final questionnaire consisted of 36 items to assess the youth perception of wide range of issues pertaining to their experiences with western values of thinking patterns of youth behavior.

Use of SPSS:

This revolutionary statistical analytical software system was called SPSS through that stood for the need to quickly analyze volume of social science data, which is gathered through various techniques. The SPSS software was used first time at „Stanford 38 University‟. SPSS is the one of the most widely used software packages is in the world of social sciences. It has been very crucial in facilitating the data of research using individual as well as discrete units of analysis, (wellman 2021). Further it is clear that SPSS technology has made difficult analytical targets easier by advances in data access, advances in usability and also enable the researchers to get benefit from the use of quantitative research methods in making decision. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis.

Statistical analysis

Frequency distribution

The data that have been coded and prepared for automatic processing is now ready for analysis. The first task is to construct the frequency distribution to examine the pattern of the responses to each of the independent variables and dependent variables under investigations. A frequency distribution of single variables, some referred to as a univariate analysis, is the frequency of observation in each category of a variable.

To construct a frequency distribution, the research simply lists the categories of each variable and counts the number of the observation in each. It provides the standard form of uni-variate frequency distribution.

F= n / T * 100%

Where: N = Number of respondents in a single gender classification

T = Total number of respondents including all the gender classification

Percentage

In order to make the data comparable, percentages of various categories of data were used in the present study. All the percentages were calculated by following formula:

Where

ƒ = Absolute Frequency

N = Total Number

Percentage =…….…………. x 100

Chapter-4

DATA ANALYUSIS

Analysis and interpretation of data are the most important steps in scientific research.

Table 1: Distribution of the respondents according to gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 78 65.0

Male 42 35.0

Total 120 100.0

Table 1 shows that about one third (35.0%) of the respondents were males and a majority

(65.0%) of them were females.

Table 2: Distribution of the respondents according to their age

Age (in years

)

Watching TV Frequency Percentage

Yes 93 77.5

No 27 22.5

Total 120 100.0

Table 6 shows that a large majority (77.5%) of the respondents were watching TV, whereas (22.5%) of them never watched TV. Most of the youngsters used computer, watched television or listened to music daily.

Table 7: Distribution of the respondents according to having Internet facility

FINDINGS

 A Majority of the respondents were females.

 A (51.0%) of the respondents had 23-25 years of age and (15.0%) of them had 26-28 years of age.

 About one fourth (23.3%) of the respondents were BS honors, (21.7%) of them were master.

 One third (35.0%) of the respondents had RS. 40000-50000 monthly income from all sources.

 More than a half (55.0%) of the respondents was living in joint family structure.

 A majority (77.5%) of the respondents were watching TV and a vast majority

(84.2%) of the respondents had Internet facility.

 About one third (32.5%) of the respondents were agreed and a major proportion (42.5%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that western culture is changing the thinking of youth.

 About one fourth (23.3%) of the respondents were agreed and a major percentage (48.3%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is becoming unaware of their responsibilities.

 Little more than one- fourth (25.8%) of the respondents were agreed and a major part (50.0%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that western values are diverting youth attention from the purpose of life.

 A major proportion (67.5%) of the respondents were agreed and (13.3%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that western culture change the communication way.

 (53.3%) of the respondents were agreed and (15.8%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that western value is promoting liberalization among young generation.

 A (46.7%) of the respondents were agreed and (38.3%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that through west our education is focusing too much on English.

 More than a half of the respondents were agreed and (24.2%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is openly deviating our religious activities due to western values.

 A (65.8%) of the respondents were agreed and (20.0%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that western adaptation is due to societal pressure.

 More than a half (55.8%) of the respondents were agreed and (30.0%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth prefer western food than local food.

 (19.2%) of the respondents were agreed and (40.8%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that our education system is also a factor promoting western culture in youth.

 (64.2%) of the respondents were agreed and (18.3%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that new technology in mobile phones is also a increasing factor that is promoting western culture.

 (65.0%) of the respondents were agreed and (23.3%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is destroying its ethical values adopting of western values

 More than a half (53.3%) of the respondents were agreed and (28.3%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is adopting dress patterns of west.

 A substantial proportion (60.8%) of the respondents were agreed and (20.0%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that adaptation of westernization associated with media.

 A major proportion (65.8%) of the respondents were agreed and (25.0) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is adopting western values due to western TV channel.

 A huge majority (72.5%) of the respondents were agreed and (9.2%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that American sitcoms and soaps have caused the youngsters to live in the world of fantasy.

 (50.8%) of the respondents were agreed and (26.7%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that western media is exploiting the personalities of new generation.

 one- fourth (25.8%) of the respondents were agreed and (51.7%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that young generation prefers genes to wear.

 About (59.2%) of the respondents were agreed and (17.5%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion about the statement “ western values have influenced youth towards relationships with opposite gender.

 About one third (34.2%) of the respondents were agreed and (46.7%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is giving less importance to their families due to westernization.

 More than one- third (36.7%) of the respondents were agreed and (45.0%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that western values are creating changes in youth behavior.

 More than a one-fourth (26.7%) of the respondents were agreed and (40.8%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth feel pride in adopting western values.

 A vast majority (71.7%) of the respondents were agreed and (19.2%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that globalization is a major source in adopting western values.

 About (38.3%) of the respondents were agreed and (35.8%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is adopting western festivals rapidly.

 Around (29.2%) of the respondents were agreed and (60.8%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is forgetting their family norms due to adoption of western values.

 A majority (65.0%) of the respondents were agreed and (17.5%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that family affection are becoming weak due to adoption of western values.

 More than a half (56.7%) of the respondents were agreed and (25.8%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that family structure is changing due to westernization from joint to nuclear.

 About one-fourth (20.0%) of the respondents were agreed and (57.5%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is going far from religious values due to adoption of western values.

 A huge majority (74.2%) of the respondents were agreed and (16.7%) of them were strongly agreed with the opinion that youth is change the social norms and values.

Conclusion

It was concluded that majority of the respondents are using internet and social media. It was noticed that the youth is adopting dress patterns of west and western values due to Mass media. Americans sitcoms and soaps have caused the youngsters to live in the world of fantasy, western media is exploiting the personalities of new generation and young generation prefers jeans to wear. It was found that the western values have influenced youth towards relationships with opposite gender youth is giving less importance to their families due to westernization, western values is creating change in youth behavior and youth is destroying its valuable time in embracing the western values .It was concluded that gender, age, education, income, family structure, lifestyles are totally change ,use of devices and electronic machines for minor working much increased ,the behavior of people and their thinking patterns are connected with the impacts of western values..

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QUESTIONNAIRE

IMPACTS OF WESTERN VALUES ON THINKING PATTERENS OF YOUTH

 Gender of the respondent? (A) Female (B) Male

 Age of the respondent?

(A) 17to19 (B) 20to22 (C) 23to25 (D) 26to28

 Education of the respondent?

(A) Intermediate (B) BS honors (C) Master

(D) M.phil

 Income of parents?

(A) 10,000 to 20,000 (B) 20,000 to 30,000 (C) 30,000 to 40,000

(D) 40,000 to more than 50,000

 Family structure?

(A) Nuclear (B) Joint (C) Extended

 Do you watch tv daily ? (A) Yes (B)No

 Do you have internet facility? (A)Yes (B)No

Objective no 1;

To study the factors that affect the youth behavior

 Do you agree that western culture is changing the thinking of youth?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you think that youth is becoming unaware of their responsibilities?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree that western values are diverting youth attention from the purpose of life?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Western culture change the communication ways?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you think that western values is promoting liberalization among young generation?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you think that due to westernization our education is focusing too much on

English language?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you think that youth is openly deviating our religious values due to western values?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you think that western adaptation is due to societal pressure?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree that youth prefer western food than local food ?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree that our mass media is also a factor promoting western culture in youth?(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree (E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree new technology in mobile phones is also an increasing factor that is promoting western culture ?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree that youth is destroying its ethical values adopting of western values? (A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree (E)Strongly disagree

Objective NO 2;

To analyze the impect of western values on life-patterns

 Do you agree that youth is adopting dress patterns of west? (A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither (D)Disagree (E) Strongly disagree

 Do you think that adaptation of westernization associated with media? (A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither

(D)Disagree (E) Strongly disagree

 Do you think that youth is adopting western values due to western TV channel?

(A) Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither (D) Disagree

(E) Strongly disagree

 Americans sitcoms and soaps have caused the youngsters to live in the world of fantasy?

(A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither (D) Disagree

(E) strongly disagree

 Do you think that western media exploiting the personalities of new generation?

(A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither (D) Disagree

(E) strongly disagree

 DO you think that young generation prefers jenes to wear?

(A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither (D) Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree that western values influenced youth towards relationship with opposite gender?

(A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither

Objective No;3

To analyze the challenges of information technology on thinking behavior.

 Do you agree that youth is giving less importance to their families due to westernization?

(A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither (D) Disagree

(E) strongly disagree

 Do you agree that western values are creating changes in youth behavior? (A)Agree (B) Strongly agree (C) neither (D) Disagree (E) strongly disagree

 Do you think that youth feel pride in adopting western values?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree that globalization is a major source in adopting western values? (A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree (E)Strongly disagree

1

Do you agree that youth is adopting western festivals rapidly? (A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree (E)Strongly disagree

 Do you think that youth is forgetting their family norms due to adoption of western values?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (C)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Family affection are becoming weak due to western values?

(A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree

(E)Strongly disagree

 Family structure is changing due to westernization from joint to nuclear? (A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree (E)Strongly disagree

 Youth is going far from religious values due to adoption of western values? (A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither (D)Disagree (E)Strongly disagree

 Do you agree that youth is change the social norms and values ? (A)Agree (B)Strongly agree (C)neither

(D) Disagree (E) strongly disagree

Muzammil Ijaz

Blogger By Passion, Programmer By Love And SEO Expert By Birth.This Quote Explain Me Perfectly. I did Bachelor’s in social work from the University of Sargodha